2-D Two-Dimensional 3-D Three-Dimensional 4-D Four-DimensionalPrefixes n nano (10-9) 5 micro (10-6) m milli (10-3) c centi (10-2) d deci (10-1) da deka (101) h hecto (102) k kilo (103) M mega (106) G giga (109) T tera (1012) P peta (1015) Acronyms AAOE Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment AATSR Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer ABLE Atmospheric Boundary Layer Experiment ACR Active Cavity Radiometer ACRIM Active Cavity Radiometer Irradiance Monitor ACSYS Arctic Climate System Study ADAAC Affiliated Distributed Active Archive Center ADALT Advanced Radar Altimeter ADC Affiliated Data Center ADCLS Advanced Data Collection and Location System ADEOS Advanced Earth Observing Satellite (Japan) ADPE Automatic Data Processing Equipment AE Atmosphere Explorer AER Atmospheric and Environmental Research AES Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada) AFGWC Air Force Global Weather Central AGU American Geophysical Union AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIRS Atmospheric Infrared Sounder AIS Airborne Imaging Spectrometer ALT Altimeter ALTA Active Long Term Archive AMI Active Microwave Instrument AMRIR Advanced Medium Resolution Imaging Radiometer AMS American Meteorological Society AMSR Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer AMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A AMTS Advanced Moisture and Temperature Sounder AO Announcement of Opportunity AOIPS Atmospheric and Oceanographic Information Processing System AOL Airborne Oceanographic Lidar APAFO Advanced Particles and Fields Observer APT Automatic Picture Transmission ARC Ames Research Center ARGOS+ Argos Data Collection and Location System (France) ARISTOTELES Applications and Research Involving Space Technologies Observing the Earth's Field from a Low Earth Orbiting Satellite ARM Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (DOE) A-SAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar A-SCAT Advanced Scatterometer ASF Alaskan SAR Facility ASI Agenzia Spaziale Italiana ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer ATLAS Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science ATLID Atmospheric Lidar ATMOS Atmospheric Trace Molecules observed by Spectroscopy ATS Applications Technology Satellite ATSR Along Track Scanning Radiometer AURIO Auroral Imaging Observatory AVCS Advanced Vidicon Camera System AVHRR Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer AVHRR GAC AVHRR Global Area Coverage AVHRR LAC AVHRR Local Area Coverage AVIRIS Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer AVNIR Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer AWIPS-90 Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System for the 90's BAHC Biosphere Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle Program of the IGBP BMFT Bundesministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (Germany) BNSC British National Space Centre BOREAS Boreal Ecosystem - Atmosphere Study BrO bromine monoxide C Celsius, centigrade Cal/Val Calibration/Validation CCD Charge-Coupled Device CCRS Canada Centre for Remote Sensing CCT Computer Compatible Tape CD Compact Disc CDCR Conceptual Design and Cost Review CDF Common Data Format CDOS Customer Data and Operations System CD-ROM Compact Disc - Read Only Memory CEES Committee on Earth and Environmental Sciences CEOS Committee on Earth Observation Satellites CERES Clouds and EarthUs Radiant Energy System CFC-11 CCl3F, trichlorofluoromethane, Freon-11 CFC-12 CCl2F2, dichlorodifluoromethane, Freon-12 CFCs chlorofluorocarbons CGCP Canadian Global Change Program CH3Cl methyl chloride CH4 methane CIESIN Consortium for International Earth Science Information Networks CIMSS Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies CIT California Institute of Technology CLAES Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer ClO chlorine monoxide ClONO2 chlorine nitrate ClNO3 chlorine nitrate cm centimeter CMS Configuration Management System CNES Centre National dUEtudes Spatiales (France) CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy) CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France) CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide Co-I Co-Investigator CODMAC Committee on Data Management, Archiving, and Computation COSPAR Committee on Space Research CRYSYS Cryospheric System CSA Canadian Space Agency CSIRO Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia) CSES Center for the Study of Earth from Space (Univ of Colorado) CSU Colorado State University CZCS Coastal Zone Color Scanner DAAC Distributed Active Archive Center DADS Data Archive and Distribution System DARA Deutsche Agentur fr Raumfahrtangelegenheiten (Germany) DCP Data Collection Platform DE Dynamics Explorer DEM Digital Elevation Model DIAL Differential Absorption Lidar DIS Data and Information System DLR Deutsche Forschungsanstalt f r Luft-und Raumfahrt (Germany) DLS Dynamic Limb Sounder DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program DOD Department of Defense DOE Department of Energy DOI Department of the Interior DOPLID Doppler Lidar DORIS Determination dUOrbite et Radiopositionement Integre par Satellite (D)PR Dual Precipitation Radar DRS Data Relay Satellite DSB Direct Sounding Broadcast DSN Deep Space Network DWS Doppler Wind Sensor E-LIDAR Experimental Lidar ECMWF European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts ECS EOSDIS Core System EDC EROS Data Center EDOS EOS Data and Operations System ELV Expendable Launch Vehicle EMOC EOSDIS Mission Operations Center ENSO El-Nino Southern Oscillation EOC EOS Operations Center EO-ICWG Earth Observations International Coordination Working Group EOPM Electro-Optic Phase Modulation EOS Earth Observing System EOSAT Earth Observation Satellite Company EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data and Information System EOSP Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter EPA Environmental Protection Agency EPO EOS Project Office EPOP European Polar-Orbiting Platform ERBE Earth Radiation Budget Experiment ERBS Earth Radiation Budget Satellite ERL Environmental Research Laboratory ERIM Environmental Research Institute of Michigan EROS Earth Resources Observation Systems ERS-1 European Remote-Sensing Satellite-1 ERTS-1 Earth Resources Technology Satellite-1 ESA European Space Agency ESAD Earth Science and Applications Division (NASA HQ) ESMR Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer ESOC European Space Operations Center ESSC Earth System Sciences Committee ESTEC European Space Research and Space Technology Centre ETM Enhanced Thematic Mapper (Landsat) EUMETSAT European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites EUV Extreme Ultraviolet FCC Federal Communications Commission FCCSET Federal Coordinating Council for Science, Engineering, and Technology Fe iron FIFE First ISLSCP Field Experiment FIRE First ISCCP Regional Experiment FOT Flight Operations Team FOV Field of View FST Field Support Terminal FY Fiscal Year g gram GAC Global Area Coverage GARP Global Atmospheric Research Program Gbps gigabits per second GCC Global Change Category GCDIS Global Change Data and Information System GCM General Circulation Model GCOS Global Climate Observing System GCRP Global Change Research Program GCTE Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Program of the IGBP GEDEX Greenhouse Effect Detection Experiment GEMS Global Environmental Monitoring System Geosat Geodesy Satellite (Navy) GEWEX Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment Gflops Billions of Floating Point Instructions per Second GGI GPS Geoscience Instrument GGS Global Geospace Science GHz gigahertz GIMMS Global Inventory Modeling and Monitoring Study GIS Geographic Information System GISS Goddard Institute for Space Studies GLAS Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (formerly GLRS-A) GLI Global Imager GLRS-A Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Altimeter (see GLAS) GLRS-R Geoscience Laser Ranging System-Ranger GMS Geostationary Meteorological Satellite GMT Greenwich Mean Time GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GOMOS Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars GOMR Global Ozone Monitoring Radiometer GOS Geomagnetic Observing System GPC Global Processing Center GPCP Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPS Global Positioning System GPSDR Global Positioning System Demonstration Receiver GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center GTE Global Tropospheric Experiment GTCE Global Tropospheric Chemistry Experiment GTS Global Telecommunications System H2O water H2O2 hydrogen peroxide HALOE Halogen Occultation Experiment HAPEX Hydrological - Atmospheric Pilot Experiment HBr hydrogen bromide HCHO formaldehyde CH2O formaldehyde HCl hydrogen chloride HCMM/AEM-1 Heat Capacity Mapping Mission/Applications Explorer Mission HCN hydrogen cyanide HF hydrogen fluoride HIMSS High-Resolution Microwave Spectrometer Sounder (replaced by MIMR) HIRDLS High-Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder HIRIS High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder HIS High Resolution Interferometer Sounder HMMR High-Resolution Multifrequency Microwave Radiometer HNO3 nitric acid HOx odd hydrogen (OH, HO2, H2O2) HOCl hypochlorous acid HRDI High Resolution Doppler Imager HROI High Resolution Optical Instrument HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission (e.g., from the AVHRR) HRV High Resolution Video (SPOT) Hz hertz (cycles per second) IASI Improved Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer IAU International Astronomical Union ICC Instrument Control Center ICE International Cometary Explorer ICF Instrument Control Facility ICSU International Council of Scientific Unions ICWG International Coordination Working Group IDS Interdisciplinary Science IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IEOS International Earth Observing System IFOV Instantaneous Field of View IGAC International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the IGBP IGAP International Global Aerosol Program IGBP International Geosphere - Biosphere Programme II Interdisciplinary Investigator ILAS Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer IMB Investigator of Micro-Biosphere IMG Interferometric Monitor of Greenhouse Gases IMS Information Management System in inch INPA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia (Brazil) INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil) INRA Institut National de Recherche Agronomiques (France) INSA Institut National des Sciences Appliquees (France) IOC Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPEI Ionospheric Plasma and Electrodynamics Instrument IPOC International Partner Operations Center IR Infrared IRIS Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer IRTS Infrared Temperature Sounder ISAMS Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder ISAS Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences (Japan) ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project ISEE International Sun-Earth Explorer ISLSCP International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project IST Instrument Support Terminal ISTP International Solar Terrestrial Physics ISY International Space Year (1992) ITIR Infrared Thermal Imaging Radiometer (renamed ASTER) IV&V Independent Verification and Validation IWG Investigators Working Group IWGDMGC Interagency Working Group on Data Management for Global Change JEOS Japanese Earth Observing Satellite JEM Japanese Experiment Module JERS-1 Japanese Earth Remote-sensing Satellite-1 JGOFS Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Program of the IGBP JMA Japan Meteorological Agency JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPOP Japanese Polar Orbiting Platform JSC Johnson Space Center K kelvin, unit of thermodynamic temperature kbps kilobits per second keV kilo electron volts kg kilogram kHz kilohertz kJ kilojoule (energy measure) km kilometer kW kilowatt LAC Local Area Coverage LAGEOS Laser Geodynamics Satellite Landsat Land Remote Sensing Satellite LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory LaRC Langley Research Center LAWS Laser Atmospheric Wind Sounder LEFI Local Electric Field Instrument LERTS Laboratoire dUEtudes et de Recherches en Teledetection Spatiale (France) LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging Instrument LIDQA LANDSAT Image Data Quality Analysis LIMS Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere LIS Lightning Imaging Sensor LITE Lidar In-space Technology Experiment LR Laser Retroreflector LRA Laser Retroreflector Array LRPT Low-resolution Picture Transmission LWIR Long-Wavelength (Thermal) Infrared m meter Magsat Magnetic Field Satellite MAHLOVS Middle and High Latitudes Oceanic Variability Study MAPS Measurement of Atmospheric Pollution from Satellites mb millibar Mbps megabits per second MCC Mission Control Center McIDAS Man-computer Interactive Data Access System MCP Meteorological Communications Package, direct broadcast of operational data MEPED Medium Energy Proton & Electron Detector MERIS Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer MESSR Multispectral Electronic Self-Scanning Radiometer METEOR USSR Operational Weather Satellite METEOSAT Geosynchronous Meteorology Satellite (ESA) MeV mega electron volts MFE/MAGNOLIA Magnetic Field Experiment MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder MIMR Multi-frequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer MIPAS Michelson Interferometric Passive Atmosphere Sounder MISR Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer MIT Massachusetts Institute of Technology MITI Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) MLS Microwave Limb Sounder mm millimeter MOA Memorandum of Agreement MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MODIS-N Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer-Nadir MODIS-T Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer-Tilt MOM Mission Operations Manager MOPITT Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere MOS-1 Marine Observation Satellite (Japan) MOU Memorandum of Understanding MPE Mission to Planet Earth MSFC Marshall Space Flight Center MSS Multispectral Scanner (Landsat) MSU Microwave Sounding Unit MTPE Mission to Planet Earth MTS Microwave Temperature Sounder MWIR Medium-Wavelength Infrared N2O nitrous oxide N2O5 nitrogen pentoxide, nitric anhydride NAS National Academy of Sciences NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASCOM NASA Communications Network NASDA National Space Development Agency of Japan NBIOME Northern Biosphere Observation and Modeling Experiment NBIS Northern Biosphere Information System NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NCC Network Control Center NCDC National Climatic Data Center NDSC Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NERC National Environmental Research Center NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NH3 ammonia Nimbus NASA Meteorological Satellites NIR Near Infrared NIST National Institute of Standards & Technology nm nanometer NMC National Meteorological Center NO nitric oxide NO2 nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen peroxide NO3 nitrate radical NOx nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2, NO3) NOy total active nitrogen NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NODS NASA Ocean Data System NORDA Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity NOSS National Oceanic Satellite System NPOP NASA Polar Orbiting Platform NRC National Research Council (Canada) NRL Naval Research Laboratory NSC Norwegian Space Center NSCAT NASA Scatterometer NSF National Science Foundation NSIDC National Snow and Ice Data Center NSSDC National Space Science Data Center NSTS National Space Transportation System NWP numerical weather prediction NWS National Weather Service O2 (normal) molecular oxygen O3 ozone Ox odd oxygen (O+O3) OClO chlorine dioxide OCC Operations Control Center OCTS Japanese Ocean Color Temperature Scanner OH hydroxyl radical OLS Optical Line Scanner ONR Office of Naval Research OPS Optical Sensor OSSA Office of Space Science and Applications (NASA HQ) OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy OSU Oregon State University PAD Program Approval Document PAGES Past Global Changes PC Personal Computer PEM Particle Environment Monitor PGS Product Generation System PI Principal Investigator PMC Pressure-Modulator Cell PMIR Pressure Modulator Infrared Radiometer PMR Pressure Modulator Radiometer POCC Payload Operations Control Center POEM Polar-Orbiting Earth Mission (ESA) POEMS Positron Electron Magnetic Spectrometer POES Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite POGO Polar-Orbiting Geophysical Observatory POLDER Polarization and Directionality of Reflectances POLES Polar Exchange at the Sea Surface ppb parts per billion ppm parts per million PPR Photopolarimeter Radiometer ppt parts per trillion PR Precipitation Radar PRARE Precise Range and Rate Equipment PRAREE Precise Range and Rate Equipment-Extended Version PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency PSC Polar Stratospheric Cloud PSO Project Science Office QC Quality Control rms root-mean-square rpm revolutions per minute rss root-sum-square RA Radar Altimeter Radarsat Canadian Synthetic Aperture Radar Satellite RF Radio Frequency RIS Reflector In Space; laser beam absorption, measures O3, CFCs, etc. S&R Search and Rescue SAFIRE Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere Using Far Infrared Emission SAFISY Space Agency Forum on the International Space Year (1992) SAGE III Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III SAM Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement SAMS Stratospheric and Mesopheric Sounder SAR Synthetic Aperture Radar SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite SBUV Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (radiometer) SCANSCAT Scanning Scatterometer SCARABE Scanning Radiation Budget Experiment SCATT Scatterometer SCF Scientific Computing Facility SCIAMACHY Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (sic) SCOPE Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment SCOR Scientific Committee for Oceanographic Research Seasat Sea Satellite SeaStar Spacecraft flying SeaWiFS SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor s second SEC Science Executive Committee of the IWG SEM Space Environment Monitor SERC Science and Engineering Research Council (UK) S-GCOS Space-based Global Change Observation System SI Solar Influences SIO Scripps Institution of Oceanography SIR Spaceborne Imaging Radar SIR-C Shuttle Imaging Radar-C SISEX Shuttle Imaging Spectrometer Experiment SLIES Stratospheric Limb Infrared Emission Spectrometer SMC System Management Center SME Solar Mesosphere Explorer SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer SMS/GOES Synchronous Meteorological Satellite/Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite SN Space Network SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SO2 sulfur dioxide SO4 sulfate radical SOCC Satellite Operation Command and Control SOLSTICE Solar Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment SPAN Space Physics Analysis Network SPARC Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate SPIE Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers SPOT Systeme Pour l'Observation de la Terre (France) SPSO Science Processing Support Office SSALT Solid-State radar Altimeter SSBUV Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet radiometer SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager SST Sea Surface Temperature STA Science and Technology Agency (Japan) STIKSCAT Stick Scatterometer SUNY State University of New York SUSIM Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor SWIR Short-Wavelength Infrared SWIRLS Stratospheric Wind Infrared Limb Sounder TAE Transportable Applications Executive, a computer user interface TBD To Be Determined TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System TED Total Energy Detector TERSE Tunable Etalon Remote Sounder of Earth TES Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TGT TDRSS Ground Terminal TIR Thermal Infrared TIROS Television and Infrared Observation Satellite TL Team Leader TLCF Team Leader Computing Facility TM Thematic Mapper (Landsat), or Team Member TMI TRMM Microwave Imager TMR TOPEX Microwave Radiometer TOGA Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere TOGA/COARE TOGA/Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment TOMS Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer TOMUIS 3-D Ozone Mapping with Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer TOPEX/Poseidon Ocean Topography Experiment Poseidon (U.S.-France) TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (U.S.-Japan) U. S. United States UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research UCLA University of California, Los Angeles UCSB University of California, Santa Barbara UHF Ultra High Frequency UK United Kingdom UNCED United Nations Conference on Environment and Development UNEP United Nations Environment Program UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization USDA United States Department of Agriculture USFS United States Forest Service USGCRP U.S. Global Change Research Program USGS United States Geological Survey UTC Universal Time, Coordinated UV Ultraviolet VAS VISSR Atmospheric Sounder (GOES) VHF Very High Frequency VIRS Visible Infrared Scanner VIRSR Visible Infrared Scanning Radiometer VIS Visible VISSR Visible/Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer (GOES) VNIR Visible and Near Infrared W watt WBDCS Wide-Band Data Collection System WCRP World Climate Research Program WEFAX Weather Facimile (via geosynchronous weather satellites) WETNET Network for Distribution and Joint Analysis of SSM/I Data (MSFC) WFOV Wide Field of View WHOI Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution WINDII Wind Imaging Interferometer WMO World Meteorological Organization WOCE World Ocean Circulation Experiment WWW World Weather Watch XBT Expendable Bathythermograph XIE X-ray Imaging Experiment X-SAR X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar